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462 天前 
Morphemes – English editing. 
Morphemes – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2011/02/23
In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of word having a semantic meaning. They can’t be broken down any further into recognizable or meaningful parts. A morpheme is composed by a phoneme in spoken language and a grapheme in written language. Broadly, morpheme is categorized into two classes.
(i) Free Morpheme
(ii) Bound morpheme.
A free morpheme can stand alone as an independent word in a phrase while bound morpheme depends on other morphemes to form a meaningful word. For instance, Unsuccessful – This word consists of un+ success+ ful. Here, ‘un-’ and ‘-ful’ are bound morpheme where ‘success’ is a free morpheme. ‘un-’ and ‘-ful’ are affixes.
Bound morpheme generally tend to affixes i.e. prefixes and suffixes. Moreover, the morphemes in which affix is attached is called base or stem morpheme. A base morpheme can be both i.e. free and bound morphemes. Some words are free morphemes but in contraction, it becomes bound morphemes.
For instance, I will go to school. Here, ‘will is a free morpheme.
I’ll go to school. Here, ‘ll’ is the contraction of ‘will’. But it is bound morphemes.
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467 天前 
Deictic – English editing.
Deictic – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2011/02/18
Deictic is a word specifying identity or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or listener in the context in which the communication occurs. It is a word (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which the speaker is speaking. Words are deictic if their semantic meaning is fixed but their denotational meaning varies depending on time and/or place. Words or phrases that require contextual information to convey any meaning are deictic.
594 天前 Lightning – English editing.
Lightning – English editing.
Bunty 收藏於 2010/10/14
The form lightning developed as a contracted form of lightening (the old spelling light’ning shows this process), but the two forms are now distinct words. In the meaning of thunder and lightning and lightning speed, the spelling is always lightning, while in the sense of ‘making or becoming lighter’ the spelling is always lightening.
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643 天前 That/Which/Who(m) – English editing.
That/Which/Who(m) – English editing.
Bunty 收藏於 2010/08/26
These are the three commonest Relative Pronouns used to introduce Relative Clauses. Who(m) is used to refer to people. That can be used to refer to people or things, while which is only used to refer to things.
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644 天前 That – English editing.
That – English editing.
Bunty 收藏於 2010/08/25
A word with a number of different uses: Demonstrative Pronoun: I could get on with a man like that. Determiner... 繼續閱讀...
A word with a number of different uses:
Demonstrative Pronoun:
I could get on with a man like that.
Determiner...繼續閱讀
645 天前 Tag question – English editing.
Tag question – English editing.
Bunty 收藏於 2010/08/24
A question ‘tagged on’ to the end of a statement. For example: Those daffodils have gone pale, haven’t they? She sh... 繼續閱讀...
A question ‘tagged on’ to the end of a statement. For example:
Those daffodils have gone pale, haven’t they?
She sh...繼續閱讀
646 天前 Spelling: adding(-est) – English editing.
Spelling: adding(-est) – English editing.
Bunty 收藏於 2010/08/23
If the word ends in a consonant, add -est (quick becomes quickest).
Words of one syllable with a short vowel sound and ending with a single consonant, double the consonant and add -est(sad becomes saddest).
With words of one syllable ending in ‘l’, you normally do not double the ‘l’, but cruel becomes cruellest.
If it ends in ‘e’, add -st(late become latest).
If it ends in ‘y’, change the ‘y’ to an add -est (happy becomes happiest).
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648 天前 Superlative – English editing.
Superlative – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/08/21
Many adjectives can have three forms:
Absolute Comparative Superlative
Small smaller smallest
Attractive more attractive most attractive
The comparative form is used when comparing two items; the superlative is used when there are more than two:
She is smaller than her brother. (comparative)
The smallest of the three specialist colleges, it has just over 150 full-time students, of whom about half come from Wales. (superlative)
The superlative is formed in different ways according to the length of the base adjective. If it has one syllable, then the letters -est are added. If the word has three syllables or more then the word most is placed before the adjective: most attractive. Words of two syllables vary: some add -est and some use most. Some even do either, for example clever.
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676 天前 Interrogative Pronoun – English editing.
Interrogative Pronoun – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/24
The interrogative pronouns are :
Who, whom, whose, what, which.
They are used in the formation of questions:
What is homeopathy?
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677 天前 Demonstrative Pronoun – English editing.
Demonstrative Pronoun – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/23
The demonstrative pronouns are:
This, that, these, those.
When these words stand alone, they are pronouns; for example, in sentences like this:
The strong – those in powerful Unions – gained at the expense of the weak.
They can also be used before a noun, in which case they are not pronouns but Determiners:
This decision will cause greater uncertainly.
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683 天前 Primary Auxiliary Verbs – English editing.
Primary Auxiliary Verbs – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/17
The verbs be, do, and have. Auxiliary verbs are used with a Main Verb to form the Verb Phrase:
Subject Auxiliary Verb(s) Main Verb
We were walking
He had wanted
You did know
Be, do, and have are different from other auxiliary verbs because they can also be used as main verbs. For example:
In England our weather is always abnormal.
He has a plan.
I did a lot of work with business plans.
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686 天前 Present Participle – English editing.
Present Participle – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/14
A form of the verb. It is made by adding -ing to the verb stem. (If a verb stem ends in ‘e’, that letter is usually removed.)
Verb Stem Present Participle
Sing singing.
Write writing.
Uses:
To form continuous Tenses:
Sing Write
Present they are singing they are writing.
Continuous
Past they were singing they were writing.
Continuous
In Non-Finite Clauses. These are similar in structure and usage to Finite Clauses but they contain no Finite Verb. Often, too, the subject of the clause is missed out. For example:
The men working with him then walked out.
Non-finite clause
The words working with him are a short form for who were working with him.
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691 天前 Preposition – English editing.
Preposition – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/09
A class of words used with nouns and other words to form Prepositional Phrases. Prepositions form a small group of, generally, small words. The commonest are:
About above across after against
Along among around as at
Before behind below beneath beside
During except for from in
Upon with within without
There are also two-, three-, and four words prepositions:
Along with apart from as well as away from
Because of close to except for in front of
In the face of instead of next to on to
On top of out of owing to up to
Prepositions come before:
A Noun:
Below groud.
A Pronoun:
After me.
A Verbal Noun:
Without leaving.
A Noun Phrase:
During the last month.
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693 天前 Possessive Pronouns and Determiners – English editing.
Possessive Pronouns and Determiners – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/07
Possessive Pronouns and Determiners.
Personal pronouns have two possessive forms:
Subjective From of Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Possessive Deter miner
I mine my
We ours our
She hers her
He his his
It its its
You yours your
They theirs their.
Possessive pronouns are used on their own in a sentence.
Possessive determiners always come before a noun:
The manager has his problems but we have ours as well.
(possessive pronoun)
Fossils provide one of our most direct links with the prehistoric past. (possessive determiner).
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694 天前 Possessive Case – English editing.
Possessive Case – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/06
The Possessive case of nouns is formed by using the Possessive Apostrophe. Personal Pronouns have a possessive case which is shown in the table below.
SUBJECTIVE POSSESSIVE
I mine
We ours
She hers
He his
It its
You yours
They theirs
The pronoun who also has a possessive case: whose.
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695 天前 Possessive Apostrophe – English editing.
Possessive Apostrophe – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/05
The Apostrophe is used to show that something belongs to someone. For example:
Lord Rochester’s monkey.
The girl’s handbag.
The Brown’s Silver wedding anniversary.
The different churches’ position on gay priests.
As these examples show, the rule is that if the name or noun is in the singular, we add an apostrophe followed by the letter’s’. If the name or noun is a plural ending in ‘s’ then we simply add an apostrophe. (Plurals that do not end in ‘s’ follow the rule for singular nouns: children’s playground.) There is one exception to the rule. When its means ‘of it’ there is no apostrophe.
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699 天前 Past Perfect Tense – English editng.
Past Perfect Tense – English editng.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/07/01
This tense is formed by had followed by the Past Participle:
She had written.
Uses:
To refer to an action in the past that continues up to, or relates to, a single point in the past:
By 1428 they had established a city state.
To contrast two events, one of which happened before the other:
I went round after I had finished.
To show a causal link between two events in the past:
She remembered because she had seen her drive off.
In narrative to give background information:
It had been a bad year for Cliff.
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700 天前 Past perfect continuous tense – English editing.
Past perfect continuous tense – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/06/30
This tense is formed by had been followed by the Present Participle:
She had been writing.
Uses:
To refer to an action that continued over a period in the past:
He had been studying hard for some hours.
To refer to a continuing action in the past contrasted with a single completed action in the past:
Timothy Harris, 33, had been working in Ilfracombe, Devon, when he met his girlfriend Faye Whitehead.
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701 天前 Past Participle Tense – English editing.
Past Participle Tense – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/06/29
In regular verbs it is the same as the past tense form and is made by adding -ed to the verb stem (or just -d if the verb ends with the letter -e). In Irregular verbs it is formed in different ways.
The past participle is used to form a number of tenses:
Present Perfect: I have smiled.
Past Perfect: I had smiled.
Future Perfect: I shall have smiled.
It is also used to form past tense with Modal Auxiliaries (I might have smiled, I should have smiled, etc.).
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704 天前 Passive voice – English editing.
Passive voice – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/06/26
Transitive verbs can be used in two different ways, called voices: active and passive.
Active: A vicious Rottweiler dog attacked them.
Passive: They were attacked by a vicious Rottweiler dog.
In the passive voice it is as if the object of the sentence gets a voice of its own and can describe an event from its own point of view.
This applies even if the original subject is inanimate:
Active: A big wave hit the side of the paddle wheel.
Passive: The side of the paddle wheel was hit by a big wave.
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706 天前 Ought – English editing.
Ought – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/06/24
A Modal Auxiliary Verb used to refer to possible, rather than actual, events. It expresses a view about how desirable an action might be and is normally followed by the Infinitive of the main verb:
You ought to go and see a doctor.
It can also stand alone:
No, I ought not.
Negative:
The negative form of verb phrases containing ought is formed simply by adding not: you ought not to go and see the doctor. It is not standard English to use didn’t ought to.
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712 天前 Noun clause – English editing.
Noun clause – English editing.
Pruthiraj 收藏於 2010/06/18
A subordinate clause in a complex sentence forming one of the following elements:
Subject:
What they want to do next is to use deuterium and tritium in the machine.
Object:
We don’t just let them do what they want to do.
Subject Complement:
This what they want to do.
Object Complement:
He made it what it is today.
A noun clause can also be the object of a Preposition:
Women make their own minds up about what they want to do.
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1070 天前 1793 天前 
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