保險制度就是從日爾曼的基爾特裡面興起的制度，幾個例子來說，我們一個商船隊，有一百艘船，根據過去的風險計算，每年平均起來，會沈掉一艘船，一個航商，沒有能力負擔沈船的損失，於是大家就算一算，沈一艘船會損失多少，除以一百，讓每一艘船交一筆錢出來，構成一個基金，到真的有船沈掉了，就用這筆基金去負擔損失。所以，我們可以看到，保險，從一開始，並不是一門生意、在我們這個共同體裡面，有多少損失就交多少保費、這些保費都拿去理賠給發生事情的人，當然，它也就沒有賺頭，它是充滿了「集體」的特性的。
Is the Japanese constitution based on the idea of universal human rights? Like the American constitution, is the force driving the constitution the notion that people have inalienable rights? Is citizenship or nationalization (the process of becoming a national) something that is based on universal human rights? Or instead is it based on showing commitment to your new home? Or instead is it based on essential being something (like Japanese or American)?
日本勞工僱佣8年限期的討論
